Fejlen skyldes mellemrummet mellem funktionsnavn og parentes
SUM (CASE WHEN ...
^^
Læs mere Parsing og opløsning af funktionsnavn
Prøv
SELECT BusinessUnit,
SUM(CASE WHEN OrderDate = CURDATE() THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) TodaysOrders,
SUM(CASE WHEN DATE_FORMAT(OrderDate, '%Y%m') = DATE_FORMAT(CURDATE(), '%Y%m') THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) ThisMonthsOrders,
SUM(CASE WHEN YEAR(OrderDate) = YEAR(CURDATE()) THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) ThisYearsOrders
FROM OrderTable
WHERE Canceled <> 'Y'
GROUP BY BusinessUnit
Her er SQLFiddle demo