kontrollere, om id findes i flere tabeller

Du kan bruge UNION (fjerner dubletter på forhånd) eller UNION ALL :

SELECT CASE WHEN EXISTS 
  ( SELECT 1 FROM ( SELECT m_id FROM  A 
                    UNION 
                    SELECT m_id FROM  B 
                    UNION 
                    SELECT m_id FROM  C 
                    UNION 
                    SELECT m_id FROM  D 
                    UNION 
                    SELECT m_id FROM  E ) All 
    WHERE  All.m_id = 'some_id') 
THEN 1 ELSE 0 END AS ContainsID