Replikering er en af de ældste teknologier på MS SQL Server, elsket af enhver databaseadministrator. Det er en fantastisk og pålidelig teknologi til at bringe data tættere på brugerne, især til distribueret rapportering. Takket være det øges databasetilgængeligheden på tværs af flere SQL-servere og regioner.
Replikering blev introduceret i SQL 2005. Kan du tro, at den er så gammel? Selvom nyere administrerede SQL-platforme på skyen introduceres regelmæssigt, tror jeg, at SQL-replikering vil forblive her. Hvis det var en fejl eller et insekt, ville jeg tænke på det som en kakerlak. Det er svært at squash!
Hvis du er en af dem, der tilhører en lille population af administratorer, som aldrig har administreret en database, er der officiel Microsoft-dokumentation om emnet. Bemærk dog, at den er temmelig lang, omfattende og vil fratage dig noget fri fra ferie eller planlagte tv-serier. Codingsight tilbyder også opsætnings- og konfigurationsvejledningen til SQL Server-databasereplikering.
Men før du beskidte hænder med de tekniske ting, og jeg ved, at du også er ivrig, er det vigtigt at planlægge det.
Replikeringskravet kan ændre sig med hensyn til placering, når du implementerer til SQL-servere, der kører i skyen. Men når først SQL-replikeringen kører som en velsmurt maskine og replikerer produktionsdata, skal du planlægge, hvordan du administrerer det.
I dette indlæg vil jeg dele nogle tips og T-SQL-scripts, som du kan bruge, når du skal kontrollere, at mange SQL Agent-job er oprettet efter replikeringskonfigurationen.
Overvåg replikeringsagenter
Når du opsætter og konfigurerer SQL-replikering, opretter det også et sæt selvstændige funktioner og SQL Agent-job, kendt som replikeringsagenter. Deres mål er at udføre opgaver i forbindelse med flytning af dine borde, også kaldet artikler , i replikeringskonfigurationen fra udgiver til abonnenter . Du kan køre replikeringsagenter fra kommandolinjen og af programmer, der bruger RMO (Replication Management Objects).
SQL Server-replikeringsagenter kan overvåges og administreres via Replication Monitor og SQL Server Management Studio.
Den primære bekymring for en databaseadministrator/replikeringsadministrator er at sikre, at alle SQL Agents replikeringsjob kører. Hvis replikeringsagentjobbet mislykkes, modtager abonnenten muligvis ikke data. Derfor kan distributionsdatabasen vokse sig enorm på grund af akkumulerede rækker, der ikke flytter til abonnentdatabasen.
For at indstille en advarsel for enhver replikeringsagentjobfejl kan du oprette et andet agentjob. Det vil tjekke jobfejlene og sende en e-mail til dit dba-team, hvis det identificerer problemer.
Se efter mislykkede replikeringsagentjob
Brug nedenstående script:
declare @time time
set @time = dateadd(n,-30,getdate())
declare @date date
set @date = convert(date,getdate())
declare @publisher varchar(100)
set @publisher = @@SERVERNAME
SELECT LEFT(name,50) as [JobName], run_date AS [RunDate], run_time AS [RunTime], LEFT([message],50) AS [Message]
FROM
(select distinct b.name,a.run_date, run_time, message
from msdb..sysjobhistory a inner join msdb..sysjobs b on a.job_id = b.job_id where b.name like 'servername here%' and run_status <> 1 and message like '%error%'
and convert(date,convert(varchar,a.run_date ))= convert(date,getutcdate()) replace(convert(varchar(8),dateadd(n,-30,getutcdate())),':','') ) a
Opret en e-mail-advarsel for at underrette om jobfejl
Anvend følgende script:
exec msdb.dbo.sp_send_dbmail
@profile_name = 'DBA Alerts',
@recipients = 'your dba team email here',
@subject = '[Database name] Replication Jobs Failure',
@query = 'SELECT LEFT(name,50) as [JobName], run_date AS [RunDate], run_time AS [RunTime], LEFT([message],50) AS [Message]
FROM
(select distinct b.name, a.run_date, a.run_time, message
from msdb.dbo.sysjobhistory a inner join msdb.dbo.sysjobs b on a.job_id = b.job_id
where b.name like ''servername here %'' and
convert(date,convert(varchar,a.run_date)) = convert(date,getutcdate()) ) a
',
@attach_query_result_as_file = 0 ; Overvåg tabellen, der indeholder replikerede kommandoer
For at overvåge msrepl_commands tabel, kan du bruge endnu et script, der er angivet nedenfor. Bemærk, at dette bord bør vokse for stort og for hurtigt. Hvis det er tilfældet, kan replikeringsagentjobbene mislykkes, eller der kan være et problem i replikeringskonfigurationen.
Scriptet er som følger:
use distribution
SELECT Getdate() AS CaptureTime, LEFT(Object_name(t.object_id),20) AS TableName, st.row_count
FROM sys.dm_db_partition_stats st WITH (nolock)
INNER JOIN sys.tables t WITH (nolock) ON st.object_id = t.object_id INNER JOIN sys.schemas s WITH (nolock) ON t.schema_id = s.schema_id WHERE index_id < 2 AND Object_name(t.object_id)
IN ('MSsubscriptions', 'MSdistribution_history', 'MSrepl_commands', 'MSrepl_transactions')
ORDER BY st.row_count DESC
msrepl_commands tabelvæksttendens giver dig også et hint om, hvor sund din replikationsforsinkelse er. Der er mange faktorer, der påvirker. Hvis dit miljø er i skyen, kan regionsvalget bidrage meget til replikeringsforsinkelsen.
Copret en simpel rapportering om replikering og send den via e-mail
Du kan bruge følgende script:
Declare @Publisher sysname, @PublisherDB sysname
-- Set Publisher server and database name
Set @Publisher = 'publication server name';
Set @PublisherDB = 'publishing database name';
-- Refresh replication monitor data
USE [distribution]
Exec sys.sp_replmonitorrefreshjob @iterations = 1;
With MaxXact (ServerName, PublisherDBID, XactSeqNo)
As (Select S.name, DA.publisher_database_id, max(H.xact_seqno) From dbo.MSdistribution_history H with(nolock)
Inner Join dbo.MSdistribution_agents DA with(nolock) On DA.id = H.agent_id
Inner Join master.sys.servers S with(nolock) On S.server_id = DA.subscriber_id
Where DA.publisher_db = @PublisherDB
Group By S.name, DA.publisher_database_id), OldestXact (ServerName, OldestEntryTime)
As (Select MX.ServerName, Min(entry_time)
From dbo.msrepl_transactions T with(nolock)
Inner Join MaxXact MX On MX.XactSeqNo < T.xact_seqno And
MX.PublisherDBID = T.publisher_database_id
Group By MX.ServerName)
Select [Replication Status] = Case MD.status
When 1 Then 'Started'
When 2 Then 'Succeeded'
When 3 Then 'In progress'
When 4 Then 'Idle'
When 5 Then 'Retrying'
When 6 Then 'Failed'
End,
Subscriber = SubString(MD.agent_name, Len(MD.publisher) +
Len(MD.publisher_db) + Len(MD.publication) + 4,
Charindex('-', MD.agent_name,
Len(MD.publisher) + Len(MD.publisher_db) +
Len(MD.publication) + 5) -
(Len(MD.publisher) +
Len(MD.publisher_db) + Len(MD.publication) + 4)),
[Subscriber DB] = A.subscriber_db,
[Publisher DB] = MD.publisher_db,
Publisher = MD.publisher,
[Current Latency (sec)] = MD.cur_latency,
[Current Latency (hh:mm:ss)] = Right('00' + Cast(MD.cur_latency/3600 As varchar), 2) +
':' + Right('00' +
Cast((MD.cur_latency%3600)/60 As varchar), 2) +
':' + Right('00' +
Cast(MD.cur_latency%60 As varchar), 2),
[Latency Threshold (min)] = Cast(T.value As Int),
[Agent Last Stopped (sec)] = DateDiff(hour, agentstoptime, getdate()) - 1,
[Agent Last Sync] = MD.last_distsync,
[Last Entry TimeStamp] = OX.OldestEntryTime
From dbo.MSreplication_monitordata MD with(nolock)
Inner Join dbo.MSdistribution_agents A with(nolock) On A.id = MD.agent_id Inner Join dbo.MSpublicationthresholds T with(nolock) On T.publication_id = MD.publication_id And T.metric_id = 2 -- Latency
Inner Join OldestXact OX On OX.ServerName = SubString(MD.agent_name, Len(MD.publisher) + Len(MD.publisher_db) +
Len(MD.publication) + 4,
Charindex('-', MD.agent_name,
Len(MD.publisher) + Len(MD.publisher_db) +
Len(MD.publication) + 5) -
(Len(MD.publisher) +
Len(MD.publisher_db) + Len(MD.publication) + 4))
Where MD.publisher = @Publisher
And MD.publisher_db = @PublisherDB
And MD.publication_type = 0 -- 0 = Transactional publication And MD.agent_type = 3; -- 3 = distribution agent
IF (@@ROWCOUNT > 500)
BEGIN
-- send alerts here.. 500 rows of undistributed transactions , should be higher. run this on remote distributor
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_send_dbmail
@profile_name = 'DBA Alert',
@recipients = 'your dba team email here',
@body = 'This is replication latency alert. Check undistributed transactions query.',
@subject = 'Replication Latency Alert' ;
PRINT 'Alert here!' --since email is not yet working
END
Qvær efter artikellisten og tjek for abonnenternes helbred
Hvis du arbejder på en transaktionsreplikering, er disse operationer ekstremt vigtige. Her er et script:
SELECT DISTINCT LEFT(srv.srvname,50) AS publication_server
, LEFT(a.publisher_db, 50) AS publisher_db
, LEFT(p.publication,25) AS publication_name
, LEFT(a.article, 50) AS [article]
, LEFT(a.destination_object,50) AS destination_object
, LEFT(ss.srvname,25) AS subscription_server
, LEFT(s.subscriber_db,25) AS subscriber_db
, LEFT(da.name,50) AS distribution_agent_job_name
FROM distribution..MSArticles a
JOIN distribution..MSpublications p ON a.publication_id = p.publication_id JOIN distribution..MSsubscriptions s ON p.publication_id = s.publication_id JOIN master..sysservers ss ON s.subscriber_id = ss.srvid
JOIN master..sysservers srv ON srv.srvid = p.publisher_id
JOIN distribution..MSdistribution_agents da ON da.publisher_id = p.publisher_id AND da.subscriber_id = s.subscriber_id
ORDER BY 1,2,3
Opret en rapporteringsoversigt for DBA-teamet
For at kombinere al replikeringsstatistik og leverede og ikke-leverede kommandoer kan du oprette en tabel i distributionsdatabasen, der indeholder alle replikeringsdetaljerne.
Fra denne tabel kan du oprette en rapporteringsoversigt, der skal distribueres til dba-teamet . Denne tabel kan opdateres hver dag som en del af det daglige replikeringssundhedstjek bortset fra standarddatabaseadministratorens morgensundhedstjek.
USE [distribution]
IF OBJECT_ID('Tempdb.dbo.#ReplStats') IS NOT NULL
DROP TABLE #ReplStats
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[#ReplStats] (
[DistributionAgentName] [nvarchar](100) NOT NULL
,[DistributionAgentStartTime] [datetime] NOT NULL
,[DistributionAgentRunningDurationInSeconds] [int] NOT NULL ,[IsAgentRunning] [bit] NULL
,[ReplicationStatus] [varchar](14) NULL
,[LastSynchronized] [datetime] NOT NULL
,[Comments] [nvarchar](max) NOT NULL
,[Publisher] [sysname] NOT NULL
,[PublicationName] [sysname] NOT NULL
,[PublisherDB] [sysname] NOT NULL
,[Subscriber] [nvarchar](128) NULL
,[SubscriberDB] [sysname] NULL
,[SubscriptionType] [varchar](64) NULL
,[DistributionDB] [sysname] NULL
,[Article] [sysname] NOT NULL
,[UndelivCmdsInDistDB] [int] NULL
,[DelivCmdsInDistDB] [int] NULL
,[CurrentSessionDeliveryRate] [float] NOT NULL
,[CurrentSessionDeliveryLatency] [int] NOT NULL
,[TotalTransactionsDeliveredInCurrentSession] [int] NOT NULL
,[TotalCommandsDeliveredInCurrentSession] [int] NOT NULL ,[AverageCommandsDeliveredInCurrentSession] [int] NOT NULL ,[DeliveryRate] [float] NOT NULL
,[DeliveryLatency] [int] NOT NULL
,[TotalCommandsDeliveredSinceSubscriptionSetup] [int] NOT NULL ,[SequenceNumber] [varbinary](16) NULL
,[LastDistributerSync] [datetime] NULL
,[Retention] [int] NULL
,[WorstLatency] [int] NULL
,[BestLatency] [int] NULL
,[AverageLatency] [int] NULL
,[CurrentLatency] [int] NULL
) ON [PRIMARY]
INSERT INTO #ReplStats
SELECT da.[name] AS [DistributionAgentName]
,dh.[start_time] AS [DistributionAgentStartTime]
,dh.[duration] AS [DistributionAgentRunningDurationInSeconds] ,md.[isagentrunningnow] AS [IsAgentRunning]
,CASE md.[status]
WHEN 1
THEN '1 - Started'
WHEN 2
THEN '2 - Succeeded'
WHEN 3
THEN '3 - InProgress'
WHEN 4
THEN '4 - Idle'
WHEN 5
THEN '5 - Retrying'
WHEN 6
THEN '6 - Failed'
END AS [ReplicationStatus]
,dh.[time] AS [LastSynchronized]
,dh.[comments] AS [Comments]
,md.[publisher] AS [Publisher]
,da.[publication] AS [PublicationName]
,da.[publisher_db] AS [PublisherDB]
,CASE
WHEN da.[anonymous_subid] IS NOT NULL
THEN UPPER(da.[subscriber_name])
ELSE UPPER(s.[name])
END AS [Subscriber]
,da.[subscriber_db] AS [SubscriberDB]
,CASE da.[subscription_type]
WHEN '0'
THEN 'Push'
WHEN '1'
THEN 'Pull'
WHEN '2'
THEN 'Anonymous'
ELSE CAST(da.[subscription_type] AS [varchar](64))
END AS [SubscriptionType]
,md.[distdb] AS [DistributionDB]
,ma.[article] AS [Article]
,ds.[UndelivCmdsInDistDB]
,ds.[DelivCmdsInDistDB]
,dh.[current_delivery_rate] AS [CurrentSessionDeliveryRate] ,dh.[current_delivery_latency] AS [CurrentSessionDeliveryLatency] ,dh.[delivered_transactions] AS
[TotalTransactionsDeliveredInCurrentSession]
,dh.[delivered_commands] AS [TotalCommandsDeliveredInCurrentSession] ,dh.[average_commands] AS [AverageCommandsDeliveredInCurrentSession] ,dh.[delivery_rate] AS [DeliveryRate]
,dh.[delivery_latency] AS [DeliveryLatency]
,dh.[total_delivered_commands] AS
[TotalCommandsDeliveredSinceSubscriptionSetup]
,dh.[xact_seqno] AS [SequenceNumber]
,md.[last_distsync] AS [LastDistributerSync]
,md.[retention] AS [Retention]
,md.[worst_latency] AS [WorstLatency]
,md.[best_latency] AS [BestLatency]
,md.[avg_latency] AS [AverageLatency]
,md.[cur_latency] AS [CurrentLatency]
FROM [distribution]..[MSdistribution_status] ds
INNER JOIN [distribution]..[MSdistribution_agents] da ON da.[id] = ds.[agent_id]
INNER JOIN [distribution]..[MSArticles] ma ON ma.publisher_id = da.publisher_id
AND ma.[article_id] = ds.[article_id]
INNER JOIN [distribution]..[MSreplication_monitordata] md ON [md].[job_id] = da.[job_id]
INNER JOIN [distribution]..[MSdistribution_history] dh ON [dh].[agent_id] = md.[agent_id]
AND md.[agent_type] = 3
INNER JOIN [master].[sys].[servers] s ON s.[server_id] = da.[subscriber_id]
--Created WHEN your publication has the immediate_sync property set to true. This property dictates
--whether snapshot is available all the time for new subscriptions to be initialized.
--This affects the cleanup behavior of transactional replication. If this property is set to true,
--the transactions will be retained for max retention period instead of it getting cleaned up
--as soon as all the subscriptions got the change.
WHERE da.[subscriber_db] <> 'virtual'
AND da.[anonymous_subid] IS NULL
AND dh.[start_time] = (
SELECT TOP 1 start_time
FROM [distribution]..[MSdistribution_history] a
INNER JOIN [distribution]..[MSdistribution_agents] b ON a.[agent_id] = b.[id]
AND b.[subscriber_db] <> 'virtual'
WHERE [runstatus] <> 1
ORDER BY [start_time] DESC
)
AND dh.[runstatus] <> 1
SELECT 'Transactional Replication Summary' AS [Comments];
SELECT [DistributionAgentName]
,[DistributionAgentStartTime]
,[DistributionAgentRunningDurationInSeconds]
,[IsAgentRunning]
,[ReplicationStatus]
,[LastSynchronized]
,[Comments]
,[Publisher]
,[PublicationName]
,[PublisherDB]
,[Subscriber]
,[SubscriberDB]
,[SubscriptionType]
,[DistributionDB]
,SUM([UndelivCmdsInDistDB]) AS [UndelivCmdsInDistDB]
,SUM([DelivCmdsInDistDB]) AS [DelivCmdsInDistDB]
,[CurrentSessionDeliveryRate]
,[CurrentSessionDeliveryLatency]
,[TotalTransactionsDeliveredInCurrentSession]
,[TotalCommandsDeliveredInCurrentSession]
,[AverageCommandsDeliveredInCurrentSession]
,[DeliveryRate]
,[DeliveryLatency]
,[TotalCommandsDeliveredSinceSubscriptionSetup]
,[SequenceNumber]
,[LastDistributerSync]
,[Retention]
,[WorstLatency]
,[BestLatency]
,[AverageLatency]
,[CurrentLatency]
FROM #ReplStats
GROUP BY [DistributionAgentName]
,[DistributionAgentStartTime]
,[DistributionAgentRunningDurationInSeconds]
,[IsAgentRunning]
,[ReplicationStatus]
,[LastSynchronized]
,[Comments]
,[Publisher]
,[PublicationName]
,[PublisherDB]
,[Subscriber]
,[SubscriberDB]
,[SubscriptionType]
,[DistributionDB]
,[CurrentSessionDeliveryRate]
,[CurrentSessionDeliveryLatency]
,[TotalTransactionsDeliveredInCurrentSession]
,[TotalCommandsDeliveredInCurrentSession]
,[AverageCommandsDeliveredInCurrentSession]
,[DeliveryRate]
,[DeliveryLatency]
,[TotalCommandsDeliveredSinceSubscriptionSetup]
,[SequenceNumber]
,[LastDistributerSync]
,[Retention]
,[WorstLatency]
,[BestLatency]
,[AverageLatency]
,[CurrentLatency]
SELECT 'Transactional Replication Summary Details' AS [Comments];
SELECT [Publisher]
,[PublicationName]
,[PublisherDB]
,[Article]
,[Subscriber]
,[SubscriberDB]
,[SubscriptionType]
,[DistributionDB]
,SUM([UndelivCmdsInDistDB]) AS [UndelivCmdsInDistDB] ,SUM([DelivCmdsInDistDB]) AS [DelivCmdsInDistDB]
FROM #ReplStats
GROUP BY [Publisher]
,[PublicationName]
,[PublisherDB]
,[Article]
,[Subscriber]
,[SubscriberDB]
,[SubscriptionType]
,[DistributionDB]
Oversigt
Jeg håber, at disse få T-SQL-scripts, der er angivet ovenfor, vil hjælpe dig i overvågningen af dine replikeringsagenter. Jeg anbefaler stærkt, at du overvåger dem nøje. Ellers kan brugere i abonnentens ende klage uendeligt over ikke at have (tæt på) realtidsdata.
I de kommende artikler vil jeg grave dybere ned i SQL-teknologien til at replikere data til enhver del af kloden. God overvågning!