Indekser på primære og fremmede nøgler

Jeg har lavet nogle eksperimenter med det, du fortalte mig, og jeg tænkte, at jeg ville dele det som svar.

Først laver jeg nogle testtabeller:

CREATE TABLE foo (
    foo_id int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
    PRIMARY KEY (foo_id)
)
ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_spanish_ci;
CREATE TABLE bar (
    bar_id int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
    PRIMARY KEY (bar_id)
)
ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_spanish_ci;


CREATE TABLE foo_bar (
    foo_id int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
    bar_id int(10) unsigned NOT NULL
)
ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_spanish_ci;

Indtil videre findes der ingen indekser:

mysql> SHOW INDEXES FROM foo_bar;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

Tilføjelse af en primær nøgle genererer et indeks:

mysql> ALTER TABLE foo_bar
    -> ADD PRIMARY KEY (`foo_id`, `bar_id`);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.70 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> SHOW INDEXES FROM foo_bar;
+---------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+
| Table   | Non_unique | Key_name | Seq_in_index | Column_name | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment |
+---------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+
| foo_bar |          0 | PRIMARY  |            1 | foo_id      | A         |           0 |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |         |
| foo_bar |          0 | PRIMARY  |            2 | bar_id      | A         |           0 |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |         |
+---------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+
2 rows in set (0.02 sec)

Hvis jeg tilføjer en fremmednøgle på foo_id den genbruger det primære nøgleindeks, da den kolonne er den første i indekset:

mysql> ALTER TABLE foo_bar
    -> ADD CONSTRAINT `foo_bar_fk1` FOREIGN KEY (`foo_id`) REFERENCES `foo` (`foo_id`) ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.27 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> SHOW INDEXES FROM foo_bar;
+---------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+
| Table   | Non_unique | Key_name | Seq_in_index | Column_name | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment |
+---------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+
| foo_bar |          0 | PRIMARY  |            1 | foo_id      | A         |           0 |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |         |
| foo_bar |          0 | PRIMARY  |            2 | bar_id      | A         |           0 |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |         |
+---------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

Hvis jeg tilføjer en fremmednøgle på bar_id , det opretter et indeks, fordi intet eksisterende indeks kan genbruges:

mysql> ALTER TABLE foo_bar
    -> ADD CONSTRAINT `foo_bar_fk2` FOREIGN KEY (`bar_id`) REFERENCES `bar` (`bar_id`) ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.25 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> SHOW INDEXES FROM foo_bar;
+---------+------------+-------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+
| Table   | Non_unique | Key_name    | Seq_in_index | Column_name | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment |
+---------+------------+-------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+
| foo_bar |          0 | PRIMARY     |            1 | foo_id      | A         |           0 |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |         |
| foo_bar |          0 | PRIMARY     |            2 | bar_id      | A         |           0 |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |         |
| foo_bar |          1 | foo_bar_fk2 |            1 | bar_id      | A         |           0 |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |         |
+---------+------------+-------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+
3 rows in set (0.02 sec)

En af vores fremmednøgler bruger det primære nøgleindeks. Det betyder, at vi ikke kan fjerne et sådant indeks!

mysql> ALTER TABLE foo_bar
    -> DROP PRIMARY KEY;
ERROR 1025 (HY000): Error on rename of '.\test\#sql-568_c7d' to '.\test\foo_bar' (errno: 150)

Medmindre vi opretter et indeks for fremmednøglen eller vi dropper selve nøglen:

mysql> ALTER TABLE foo_bar
    -> DROP FOREIGN KEY `foo_bar_fk1`;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.19 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> ALTER TABLE foo_bar
    -> DROP PRIMARY KEY;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.23 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

Konklusionen er, at MySQL opretter indekser automatisk, når de er nødvendige for en funktionalitet (men kun hvis de er strengt nødvendige).