Nogle gange, når du kører en forespørgsel i SQL Server, vil du måske gerne vide, hvad den underliggende datatype for hver kolonne er, dens præcision, længde, om den kan nulstilles eller ej, osv.
Hvis du kun forespørger én tabel, kan du få denne slags data med procedurer såsom sp_columns . Men hvis din forespørgsel løber på tværs af mange tabeller, kan dette blive uhåndterligt meget hurtigt.
Heldigvis er der flere måder, hvorpå du kan få sådanne metadata til et resultatsæt i SQL Server.
sp_describe_first_result_set Systemlagret procedure
sp_describe_first_result_set Systemlagret procedure blev designet specifikt til at returnere metadataene for et resultatsæt.
Den accepterer tre parametre, men de sidste to er valgfrie. Den første parameter er den T-SQL-forespørgsel, du vil analysere.
Her er et eksempel på denne procedure i aktion.
DECLARE @tsql_query nvarchar(max);
SET @tsql_query = 'SELECT
ar.ArtistName,
al.AlbumName,
g.Genre
FROM
Artists ar
INNER JOIN Albums al
ON ar.ArtistId = al.ArtistId
INNER JOIN Homer.Music.dbo.Genres g
ON al.GenreId = g.GenreId';
EXEC sp_describe_first_result_set @tsql_query, null, 1;
Du kan faktisk angive forespørgslen som en streng-literal, men i dette tilfælde har jeg sat den i en variabel kaldet @tsql_query .
Resultat:
+-------------+------------------+------------+---------------+------------------+--------------------+--------------+-------------+---------+------------------------------+----------------+----------------------+--------------------+------------------+--------------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+-------------------------+-----------------------+-------------------+---------------------+----------------------------+-----------------+-------------------+-----------------+----------------+-----------------+----------------------+-------------------------+-----------------+----------------------+------------------------+----------------------------+--------------------------+------------------------+---------------+--------------+--------------------+-------------------------+ | is_hidden | column_ordinal | name | is_nullable | system_type_id | system_type_name | max_length | precision | scale | collation_name | user_type_id | user_type_database | user_type_schema | user_type_name | assembly_qualified_type_name | xml_collection_id | xml_collection_database | xml_collection_schema | xml_collection_name | is_xml_document | is_case_sensitive | is_fixed_length_clr_type | source_server | source_database | source_schema | source_table | source_column | is_identity_column | is_part_of_unique_key | is_updateable | is_computed_column | is_sparse_column_set | ordinal_in_order_by_list | order_by_is_descending | order_by_list_length | tds_type_id | tds_length | tds_collation_id | tds_collation_sort_id | |-------------+------------------+------------+---------------+------------------+--------------------+--------------+-------------+---------+------------------------------+----------------+----------------------+--------------------+------------------+--------------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+-------------------------+-----------------------+-------------------+---------------------+----------------------------+-----------------+-------------------+-----------------+----------------+-----------------+----------------------+-------------------------+-----------------+----------------------+------------------------+----------------------------+--------------------------+------------------------+---------------+--------------+--------------------+-------------------------| | 0 | 1 | ArtistName | 0 | 231 | nvarchar(255) | 510 | 0 | 0 | SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 0 | 0 | 0 | NULL | Music | dbo | Artists | ArtistName | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | NULL | NULL | NULL | 231 | 510 | 13632521 | 52 | | 0 | 2 | AlbumName | 0 | 231 | nvarchar(255) | 510 | 0 | 0 | SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 0 | 0 | 0 | NULL | Music | dbo | Albums | AlbumName | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | NULL | NULL | NULL | 231 | 510 | 13632521 | 52 | | 0 | 3 | Genre | 0 | 231 | nvarchar(50) | 100 | 0 | 0 | SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 0 | 0 | 0 | Homer | Music | dbo | Genres | Genre | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | NULL | NULL | NULL | 231 | 100 | 13632521 | 52 | | 1 | 4 | ArtistId | 0 | 56 | int | 4 | 10 | 0 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 0 | 0 | 0 | NULL | Music | dbo | Artists | ArtistId | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NULL | NULL | NULL | 56 | 4 | NULL | NULL | | 1 | 5 | AlbumId | 0 | 56 | int | 4 | 10 | 0 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 0 | 0 | 0 | NULL | Music | dbo | Albums | AlbumId | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NULL | NULL | NULL | 56 | 4 | NULL | NULL | | 1 | 6 | GenreId | 0 | 56 | int | 4 | 10 | 0 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 0 | 0 | 0 | Homer | Music | dbo | Genres | GenreId | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | NULL | NULL | NULL | 56 | 4 | NULL | NULL | +-------------+------------------+------------+---------------+------------------+--------------------+--------------+-------------+---------+------------------------------+----------------+----------------------+--------------------+------------------+--------------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+-------------------------+-----------------------+-------------------+---------------------+----------------------------+-----------------+-------------------+-----------------+----------------+-----------------+----------------------+-------------------------+-----------------+----------------------+------------------------+----------------------------+--------------------------+------------------------+---------------+--------------+--------------------+-------------------------+
Som du kan se, returnerer denne lagrede procedure en masse kolonner.
Hvis du ser nøje på forespørgslen, som jeg analyserer, vil du bemærke, at en af de tabeller, der henvises til, er på en sammenkædet server kaldet "Homer". I resultaterne produceret af sp_describe_first_result_set , værdien i source_server kolonne afspejler denne linkede server for den underliggende kolonne.
I dette eksempel brugte jeg 1 som det tredje argument. Du kan også bruge 0 eller 2 . Se Hvordan sp_describe_first_result_set Arbejder for en forklaring og eksempler på, hvordan denne indstilling påvirker resultaterne.
sys.dm_exec_describe_first_result_set Systemvisning
sys.dm_exec_describe_first_result_set systemvisning bruger den samme algoritme som sp_describe_first_result_set , og det returnerer de samme oplysninger.
Så vi kan ændre vores tidligere eksempel til at bruge sys.dm_exec_describe_first_result_set i stedet for sp_describe_first_result_set .
DECLARE @tsql_query nvarchar(max);
SET @tsql_query = 'SELECT
ar.ArtistName,
al.AlbumName,
g.Genre
FROM
Artists ar
INNER JOIN Albums al
ON ar.ArtistId = al.ArtistId
INNER JOIN Homer.Music.dbo.Genres g
ON al.GenreId = g.GenreId';
SELECT *
FROM sys.dm_exec_describe_first_result_set(
@tsql_query,
null,
1
);Resultat:
+-------------+------------------+------------+---------------+------------------+--------------------+--------------+-------------+---------+------------------------------+----------------+----------------------+--------------------+------------------+--------------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+-------------------------+-----------------------+-------------------+---------------------+----------------------------+-----------------+-------------------+-----------------+----------------+-----------------+----------------------+-------------------------+-----------------+----------------------+------------------------+----------------------------+--------------------------+------------------------+----------------+------------------+---------------+-----------------+--------------+-------------------+ | is_hidden | column_ordinal | name | is_nullable | system_type_id | system_type_name | max_length | precision | scale | collation_name | user_type_id | user_type_database | user_type_schema | user_type_name | assembly_qualified_type_name | xml_collection_id | xml_collection_database | xml_collection_schema | xml_collection_name | is_xml_document | is_case_sensitive | is_fixed_length_clr_type | source_server | source_database | source_schema | source_table | source_column | is_identity_column | is_part_of_unique_key | is_updateable | is_computed_column | is_sparse_column_set | ordinal_in_order_by_list | order_by_is_descending | order_by_list_length | error_number | error_severity | error_state | error_message | error_type | error_type_desc | |-------------+------------------+------------+---------------+------------------+--------------------+--------------+-------------+---------+------------------------------+----------------+----------------------+--------------------+------------------+--------------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+-------------------------+-----------------------+-------------------+---------------------+----------------------------+-----------------+-------------------+-----------------+----------------+-----------------+----------------------+-------------------------+-----------------+----------------------+------------------------+----------------------------+--------------------------+------------------------+----------------+------------------+---------------+-----------------+--------------+-------------------| | 0 | 1 | ArtistName | 0 | 231 | nvarchar(255) | 510 | 0 | 0 | SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 0 | 0 | 0 | NULL | Music | dbo | Artists | ArtistName | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | | 0 | 2 | AlbumName | 0 | 231 | nvarchar(255) | 510 | 0 | 0 | SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 0 | 0 | 0 | NULL | Music | dbo | Albums | AlbumName | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | | 0 | 3 | Genre | 0 | 231 | nvarchar(50) | 100 | 0 | 0 | SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 0 | 0 | 0 | Homer | Music | dbo | Genres | Genre | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | | 1 | 4 | ArtistId | 0 | 56 | int | 4 | 10 | 0 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 0 | 0 | 0 | NULL | Music | dbo | Artists | ArtistId | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | | 1 | 5 | AlbumId | 0 | 56 | int | 4 | 10 | 0 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 0 | 0 | 0 | NULL | Music | dbo | Albums | AlbumId | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | | 1 | 6 | GenreId | 0 | 56 | int | 4 | 10 | 0 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 0 | 0 | 0 | Homer | Music | dbo | Genres | GenreId | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | +-------------+------------------+------------+---------------+------------------+--------------------+--------------+-------------+---------+------------------------------+----------------+----------------------+--------------------+------------------+--------------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+-------------------------+-----------------------+-------------------+---------------------+----------------------------+-----------------+-------------------+-----------------+----------------+-----------------+----------------------+-------------------------+-----------------+----------------------+------------------------+----------------------------+--------------------------+------------------------+----------------+------------------+---------------+-----------------+--------------+-------------------+
Som med sp_describe_first_result_set , kan du ændre det andet og tredje argument. Se hvordan sys.dm_exec_describe_first_result_set virker for eksempler.
Brug af OPENROWSET
Hvis du ser på kildekoden til sys.dm_exec_describe_first_result_set , vil du se, at den bruger OPENROWSET for at opnå sine resultater.
På samme måde kunne vi bruge OPENROWSET at gøre noget lignende. For eksempel kunne vi bruge OPENROWSET for at køre de øverste nulresultater af en forespørgsel ind i en midlertidig tabel, brug derefter sp_columns procedure for at returnere kolonneoplysninger om den midlertidige tabel (som afspejler resultatet af vores forespørgsel).
SELECT TOP 0 * INTO #TempTable
FROM OPENROWSET(
'SQLNCLI',
'Server=localhost;Trusted_Connection=yes;',
'SELECT
ar.ArtistName,
al.AlbumName,
g.Genre
FROM
Music.dbo.Artists ar
INNER JOIN Music.dbo.Albums al
ON ar.ArtistId = al.ArtistId
INNER JOIN Music.dbo.Genres g
ON al.GenreId = g.GenreId');
EXEC('USE tempdb EXEC sp_columns #TempTable DROP TABLE #TempTable');Resultat:
+-------------------+---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------+------------+-----------+--------------+-----------------+--------------------+---------------------+--------------------+---------------+----------------+ | TABLE_QUALIFIER | TABLE_OWNER | TABLE_NAME | COLUMN_NAME | DATA_TYPE | TYPE_NAME | PRECISION | LENGTH | SCALE | RADIX | NULLABLE | REMARKS | COLUMN_DEF | SQL_DATA_TYPE | SQL_DATETIME_SUB | CHAR_OCTET_LENGTH | ORDINAL_POSITION | IS_NULLABLE | SS_DATA_TYPE | |-------------------+---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------+------------+-----------+--------------+-----------------+--------------------+---------------------+--------------------+---------------+----------------| | tempdb | dbo | #TempTable__________________________________________________________________________________________________________00000000000C | ArtistName | -9 | nvarchar | 255 | 510 | NULL | NULL | 0 | NULL | NULL | -9 | NULL | 510 | 1 | NO | 39 | | tempdb | dbo | #TempTable__________________________________________________________________________________________________________00000000000C | AlbumName | -9 | nvarchar | 255 | 510 | NULL | NULL | 0 | NULL | NULL | -9 | NULL | 510 | 2 | NO | 39 | | tempdb | dbo | #TempTable__________________________________________________________________________________________________________00000000000C | Genre | -9 | nvarchar | 50 | 100 | NULL | NULL | 0 | NULL | NULL | -9 | NULL | 100 | 3 | NO | 39 | +-------------------+---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+----------+---------+---------+------------+-----------+--------------+-----------------+--------------------+---------------------+--------------------+---------------+----------------+
Du kan erstatte sp_columns med sp_help hvis det foretrækkes.
Jeg synes, de første to metoder er bedre, men det er i det mindste en anden mulighed (især hvis du bruger en ældre version af SQL Server, der ikke understøtter sys.dm_exec_describe_first_result_set eller sp_describe_first_result_set .