Hvordan får man maksimalt scorende spiller fra hver gruppe ved hjælp af SQL?

Brug row_number() :

select group_id, player_id
from (
    select
        p.*,
        row_number() over(
            partition by p.group_id 
            order by case 
                when m.first_player = p.player_id then m.first_score 
                else m.second_score 
            end desc,
            player_id
        ) rn
    from players p
    inner join matches m
        on m.first_player = p.player_id or m.second_player = p.player_id
) x
where rn = 1
 

Demo på DB Fiddle :