Sådan løses TypeError:callback.apply er ikke en funktion?

Du bruger for mange argumenter.

Skift dette:

viewerObj.update({_id: currentIDViewerVar} , {minutesWatched: 5},{upsert:true}  , function (err,result) {

      if (err) throw err;
      console.log("Viewer " + userNameVar + " gespeichert");
      console.log("minsWatched" +minsWatched);
});

til dette:

viewerObj.update({_id: currentIDViewerVar, minutesWatched: 5}, {upsert:true}, function (err,result) {

      if (err) throw err;
      console.log("Viewer " + userNameVar + " gespeichert");
      console.log("minsWatched" +minsWatched);
});

Se dokumenterne:

• http://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#document_Document- opdatering