Brug en underforespørgsel af vilkårlige cifre til at opdele din streng. I stedet for vals kan du bruge '1,2,3'.
SELECT
DISTINCT SUBSTRING_INDEX(SUBSTRING_INDEX(vals, ',', n.digit+1), ',', -1) val
FROM
tt1
INNER JOIN
(SELECT 0 digit UNION ALL SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 2 UNION ALL SELECT 3 UNION ALL SELECT 4 UNION ALL SELECT 5 UNION ALL SELECT 6) n
ON LENGTH(REPLACE(vals, ',' , '')) <= LENGTH(vals)-n.digit;