Du kan bruge denne (mere kompakt syntaks):
SELECT *
FROM CompletedTasks
WHERE (userID, taskID) NOT IN
( SELECT userID, taskID
FROM PlannedTasks
) ;
eller
SELECT c.*
FROM CompletedTasks AS c
WHERE NOT EXISTS
( SELECT 1
FROM PlannedTasks AS p
WHERE p.userID = c.userID
AND p.taskID = c.taskID
) ;
og selvfølgelig LEFT JOIN / IS NULL
version, som @jmacinnes har i sit svar.