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Automatisk dataindsamling om udførte opgaver i MS SQL Server

Introduktion

Det er vigtigt for en databaseadministrator at vide, hvilke opgaver og hvordan de er blevet udført. For at forenkle denne proces er det bedre at automatisere den i stedet for at udføre den manuelt.

I denne artikel vil jeg analysere på et bestemt eksempel, hvordan man automatisk indsamler data om udførte opgaver i SQL Server Agent.

Løsning

Algoritme:

  1. Opret en forekomst for at vælge opgaver:
    USE [DATABASE_NAME]
GO

SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO

SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO

CREATE view [srv].[vJobRunShortInfo] as
SELECT sj.[job_id] as Job_GUID
      ,j.name as Job_Name
      ,case sj.[last_run_outcome]
        when 0 then 'Error'
        when 1 then 'Successful'
        when 3 then 'Canceled'
        else case when sj.[last_run_date] is not null and len(sj.[last_run_date])=8 then 'Inconsistent state'
                else NULL
                end
       end as LastFinishRunState
      ,sj.[last_run_outcome] as LastRunOutcome
      ,case when sj.[last_run_date] is not null and len(sj.[last_run_date])=8 then
        DATETIMEFROMPARTS(
        substring(cast(sj.[last_run_date] as nvarchar(255)),1,4),
        substring(cast(sj.[last_run_date] as nvarchar(255)),5,2),
        substring(cast(sj.[last_run_date] as nvarchar(255)),7,2),
        case when len(cast(sj.[last_run_time] as nvarchar(255)))>=5 
        then substring(cast(sj.[last_run_time] as nvarchar(255)),1,len(cast(sj.[last_run_time] as nvarchar(255)))-4)
          else 0
          end,
        case when len(right(cast(sj.[last_run_time] as nvarchar(255)),4))>=4 
        then substring(right(cast(sj.[last_run_time] as nvarchar(255)),4),1,2)
        when len(right(cast(sj.[last_run_time] as nvarchar(255)),4))=3  
        then substring(right(cast(sj.[last_run_time] as nvarchar(255)),4),1,1)
           else 0
           end,
        right(cast(sj.[last_run_duration] as nvarchar(255)),2),
                            0
                        )
       else NULL
       end as LastDateTime
       ,case when len(cast(sj.[last_run_duration] as nvarchar(255)))>5 
       then substring(cast(sj.[last_run_duration] as nvarchar(255)),1,len(cast(sj.[last_run_duration] as nvarchar(255)))-4)
            when len(cast(sj.[last_run_duration] as nvarchar(255)))=5 
       then '0'+substring(cast(sj.[last_run_duration] as nvarchar(255)),1,len(cast(sj.[last_run_duration] as nvarchar(255)))-4)
            else '00'
       end
       +':'
       +case when len(cast(sj.[last_run_duration] as nvarchar(255)))>=4 then substring(right(cast(sj.[last_run_duration] as nvarchar(255)),4),1,2)
             when len(cast(sj.[last_run_duration] as nvarchar(255)))=3  then '0'+substring(right(cast(sj.[last_run_duration] as nvarchar(255)),4),1,1)
             else '00'
       end
       +':'
       +case when len(cast(sj.[last_run_duration] as nvarchar(255)))>=2
        then substring(right(cast(sj.[last_run_duration] as nvarchar(255)),2),1,2)
             when len(cast(sj.[last_run_duration] as nvarchar(255)))=2  
        then '0'+substring(right(cast(sj.[last_run_duration] as nvarchar(255)),2),1,1)
             else '00'
       end as [LastRunDurationString]
      ,sj.last_run_duration as LastRunDurationInt
      ,sj.[last_outcome_message] as LastOutcomeMessage
      ,j.enabled as [Enabled]
  FROM [msdb].[dbo].[sysjobservers] as sj
  inner join msdb.dbo.sysjobs_view as j on j.job_id=sj.job_id;

GO

    For at gøre dette skal du bruge sysjobserverne og sysjobs_view-forekomsterne.

  2. Opret en tabel til at gemme valgte data:
    USE [DATABASE_NAME]
GO

SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO

SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO

CREATE TABLE [srv].[ShortInfoRunJobs](
    [Job_GUID] [uniqueidentifier] NOT NULL,
    [Job_Name] [nvarchar](255) NOT NULL,
    [LastFinishRunState] [nvarchar](255) NULL,
    [LastDateTime] [datetime] NOT NULL,
    [LastRunDurationString] [nvarchar](255) NULL,
    [LastRunDurationInt] [int] NULL,
    [LastOutcomeMessage] [nvarchar](255) NULL,
    [LastRunOutcome] [tinyint] NOT NULL,
    [Server] [nvarchar](255) NOT NULL,
    [InsertUTCDate] [datetime] NOT NULL,
    [ID] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
 CONSTRAINT [PK_ShortInfoRunJobs] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED 
(
    [ID] ASC
)WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY]
) ON [PRIMARY]

GO

ALTER TABLE [srv].[ShortInfoRunJobs] ADD  CONSTRAINT [DF_ShortInfoRunJobs_InsertUTCDate]  DEFAULT (getutcdate()) FOR [InsertUTCDate]
GO
  3. Opret en opgave i SQL Server-agenten og få information om de opgaver, der enten er blevet udført i lang tid (mere end 30 sekunder) eller ikke blev fuldført. Du skal indsamle disse oplysninger for de sidste to dage:
    USE [DATABASE_NAME];
GO

truncate table [srv].[ShortInfoRunJobs];

INSERT INTO [srv].[ShortInfoRunJobs]
           ([Job_GUID]
           ,[Job_Name]
           ,[LastFinishRunState]
           ,[LastDateTime]
           ,[LastRunDurationString]
           ,[LastRunDurationInt]
           ,[LastOutcomeMessage]
           ,[LastRunOutcome]
           ,[Server])
    SELECT [Job_GUID]
          ,[Job_Name]
          ,[LastFinishRunState]
          ,[LastDateTime]
          ,[LastRunDurationString]
          ,[LastRunDurationInt]
          ,[LastOutcomeMessage]
          ,LastRunOutcome
          ,@@SERVERNAME
      FROM [srv].[vJobRunShortInfo]
      where [Enabled]=1
      and ([LastRunOutcome]=0
      or [LastRunDurationInt]>=30)
      and LastDateTime>=DateAdd(day,-2,getdate());
GO

    Her kan du indstille et filter til at fjerne alle unødvendige opgaver. For eksempel de opgaver, der refererer til replikering, da det tager meget længere tid at blive fuldført.

Generer en HTML-rapport for at sende den til administratorens e-mail:

USE [DATABASE_NAME]
GO

SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO

SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO

CREATE PROCEDURE [srv].[GetHTMLTableShortInfoRunJobs]
    @body nvarchar(max) OUTPUT
AS
BEGIN
    /*
        generates an HTML-code for the tables of completed tasks
    */
    SET NOCOUNT ON;
    SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL READ UNCOMMITTED;

    declare @tbl table (
                        Job_GUID                uniqueidentifier
                        ,Job_Name               nvarchar(255)
                        ,LastFinishRunState     nvarchar(255)
                        ,LastDateTime           datetime
                        ,LastRunDurationString  nvarchar(255)
                        ,LastOutcomeMessage     nvarchar(max)
                        ,[Server]               nvarchar(255)
                        ,ID                     int identity(1,1)
                       );

    declare
    @Job_GUID               uniqueidentifier
    ,@Job_Name              nvarchar(255)
    ,@LastFinishRunState    nvarchar(255)
    ,@LastDateTime          datetime
    ,@LastRunDurationString nvarchar(255)
    ,@LastOutcomeMessage    nvarchar(max)
    ,@Server                nvarchar(255)
    ,@ID                    int;

    insert into @tbl(
                        Job_GUID
                        ,Job_Name
                        ,LastFinishRunState
                        ,LastDateTime
                        ,LastRunDurationString
                        ,LastOutcomeMessage
                        ,[Server]
                    )
            select      Job_GUID
                        ,Job_Name
                        ,LastFinishRunState
                        ,LastDateTime
                        ,LastRunDurationString
                        ,LastOutcomeMessage
                        ,[Server]
            from    srv.ShortInfoRunJobs
            --order by LastRunDurationInt desc;

    if(exists(select top(1) 1 from @tbl))
    begin
        set @body='When analyzing these tasks execution, I have found out the tasks that either have failed with an error,
        or, it has taken more than 30 seconds for their execution :<br><br>'+'<TABLE BORDER=5>';

        set @[email protected]+'<TR>';

        set @[email protected]+'<TD>';
        set @[email protected]+'№ p/p';
        set @[email protected]+'</TD>';

        set @[email protected]+'<TD>';
        set @[email protected]+'GUID';
        set @[email protected]+'</TD>';

        set @[email protected]+'<TD>';
        set @[email protected]+'TASK';
        set @[email protected]+'</TD>';

        set @[email protected]+'<TD>';
        set @[email protected]+'STATUS';
        set @[email protected]+'</TD>';

        set @[email protected]+'<TD>';
        set @[email protected]+'DATE AND TIME';
        set @[email protected]+'</TD>';

        set @[email protected]+'<TD>';
        set @[email protected]+'DURATION';
        set @[email protected]+'</TD>';

        set @[email protected]+'<TD>';
        set @[email protected]+'MESSAGE';
        set @[email protected]+'</TD>';

        set @[email protected]+'<TD>';
        set @[email protected]+'SERVER';
        set @[email protected]+'</TD>';

        set @[email protected]+'</TR>';

        while((select top 1 1 from @tbl)>0)
        begin
            set @[email protected]+'<TR>';

            select top 1
            @ID                     =   [ID]
            ,@Job_GUID              =   Job_GUID
            ,@Job_Name              =   Job_Name                
            ,@LastFinishRunState    =   LastFinishRunState      
            ,@LastDateTime          =   LastDateTime            
            ,@LastRunDurationString =   LastRunDurationString   
            ,@LastOutcomeMessage    =   LastOutcomeMessage      
            ,@Server                =   [Server]                
            from @tbl
            order by LastRunDurationInt desc;

            set @[email protected]+'<TD>';
            set @[email protected]+cast(@ID as nvarchar(max));
            set @[email protected]+'</TD>';

            set @[email protected]+'<TD>';
            set @[email protected]+cast(@Job_GUID as nvarchar(255));
            set @[email protected]+'</TD>';

            set @[email protected]+'<TD>';
            set @[email protected]+coalesce(@Job_Name,'');
            set @[email protected]+'</TD>';

            set @[email protected]+'<TD>';
            set @[email protected]+coalesce(@LastFinishRunState,'');
            set @[email protected]+'</TD>';

            set @[email protected]+'<TD>';
            set @[email protected]+rep.GetDateFormat(@LastDateTime, default)+' '+rep.GetTimeFormat(@LastDateTime, default);--cast(@InsertDate as nvarchar(max));
            set @[email protected]+'</TD>';

            set @[email protected]+'<TD>';
            set @[email protected]+coalesce(@LastRunDurationString,'');
            set @[email protected]+'</TD>';

            set @[email protected]+'<TD>';
            set @[email protected]+coalesce(@LastOutcomeMessage, '');
            set @[email protected]+'</TD>';

            set @[email protected]+'<TD>';
            set @[email protected]+coalesce(@Server, '');
            set @[email protected]+'</TD>';

            delete from @tbl
            where [email protected];

            set @[email protected]+'</TR>';
        end

        set @[email protected]+'</TABLE>';
    end
    else
    begin
        set @body='The tasks, that have failed with an error or that have been executed for more than 30 seconds, have not been found';
    end

    set @[email protected]+'<br><br>For the detailed information, please refer to the table DATABASE_NAME.srv.ShortInfoRunJobs';
END

GO

Denne lagrede procedure genererer en HTML-rapport om udførte opgaver, der er blevet udført i 30 sekunder, eller som ikke kunne fuldføres.

Resultat

I denne artikel har jeg udforsket på et bestemt eksempel implementeringen af ​​en daglig automatisk dataindsamling om udførte opgaver i SQL Server Agent. Disse oplysninger hjælper med at bestemme opgaver, der er blevet udført i lang tid eller afsluttet med en fejl. Det giver en administrator mulighed for at træffe foranstaltninger for at undgå sådanne fejl i fremtiden. Det er for eksempel muligt at få opgaven til at køre hurtigere eller indstille den maksimale tid for den angivne opgave.

Denne løsning hjælper også med at overvåge problemer relateret til sikkerhedskopier. Alligevel vil vi diskutere det senere, da det ikke er nok at give besked om vigtige opgaver én gang om dagen. Det er nødvendigt at e-maile om dem med det samme og regelmæssigt, indtil fejlen er rettet.

Hvis du skal vælge data fra flere servere, så er det muligt at kombinere resultater og sende dem `via én e-mail.

Referencer:

» sysjobs
» sysjobservere

Yderligere læsning:

Automatisk dataindsamling af databaseskemaændringer i MS SQL Server

Automatisk dataindsamling:Databasefiler og logiske drev i MS SQL Server

Konfiguration af databasemailmeddelelser i MS SQL Server


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