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Automatisk dataindsamling:Databasefiler og logiske drev i MS SQL Server

Introduktion

Det er vigtigt for en databaseadministrator at vide, hvornår der ikke er plads på en disk. Derfor er det bedre at automatisere processen, så de ikke gør det manuelt på hver server.

I denne artikel vil jeg beskrive, hvordan man implementerer automatisk daglig dataindsamling om logiske drev og databasefiler.

Løsning

Algoritme:

1. Opret tabeller over datalagring:
1.1. for databasefiler:

USE [DATABASE_NAME]
GO

SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO

SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO

CREATE TABLE [srv].[DBFile](
    [DBFile_GUID] [uniqueidentifier] ROWGUIDCOL  NOT NULL,
    [Server] [nvarchar](255) NOT NULL,
    [Name] [nvarchar](255) NOT NULL,
    [Drive] [nvarchar](10) NOT NULL,
    [Physical_Name] [nvarchar](255) NOT NULL,
    [Ext] [nvarchar](255) NOT NULL,
    [Growth] [int] NOT NULL,
    [IsPercentGrowth] [int] NOT NULL,
    [DB_ID] [int] NOT NULL,
    [DB_Name] [nvarchar](255) NOT NULL,
    [SizeMb] [float] NOT NULL,
    [DiffSizeMb] [float] NOT NULL,
    [InsertUTCDate] [datetime] NOT NULL,
    [UpdateUTCdate] [datetime] NOT NULL,
    [File_ID] [int] NOT NULL,
 CONSTRAINT [PK_DBFile] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED 
(
    [DBFile_GUID] ASC
)WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, 
ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY]
) ON [PRIMARY]

GO

ALTER TABLE [srv].[DBFile] ADD  CONSTRAINT [DF_DBFile_DBFile_GUID]  
DEFAULT (newid()) FOR [DBFile_GUID]
GO

ALTER TABLE [srv].[DBFile] ADD  CONSTRAINT [DF_DBFile_InsertUTCDate]  
DEFAULT (getutcdate()) FOR [InsertUTCDate]
GO

ALTER TABLE [srv].[DBFile] ADD  CONSTRAINT [DF_DBFile_UpdateUTCdate]  
DEFAULT (getutcdate()) FOR [UpdateUTCdate]
GO

1.2. for logiske drev:

USE [DATABASE_NAME]
GO

SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO

SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO

CREATE TABLE [srv].[Drivers](
    [Driver_GUID] [uniqueidentifier] ROWGUIDCOL  NOT NULL,
    [Server] [nvarchar](255) NOT NULL,
    [Name] [nvarchar](8) NOT NULL,
    [TotalSpace] [float] NOT NULL,
    [FreeSpace] [float] NOT NULL,
    [DiffFreeSpace] [float] NOT NULL,
    [InsertUTCDate] [datetime] NOT NULL,
    [UpdateUTCdate] [datetime] NOT NULL,
 CONSTRAINT [PK_Drivers] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED 
(
    [Driver_GUID] ASC
)WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, 
ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY]
) ON [PRIMARY]

GO

ALTER TABLE [srv].[Drivers] ADD  CONSTRAINT [DF_Drivers_Driver_GUID]  
DEFAULT (newid()) FOR [Driver_GUID]
GO

ALTER TABLE [srv].[Drivers] ADD  CONSTRAINT [DF_Drivers_Server]  
DEFAULT (@@servername) FOR [Server]
GO

ALTER TABLE [srv].[Drivers] ADD  CONSTRAINT [DF_Drivers_TotalSpace]  
DEFAULT ((0)) FOR [TotalSpace]
GO

ALTER TABLE [srv].[Drivers] ADD  CONSTRAINT [DF_Drivers_FreeSpace]  
DEFAULT ((0)) FOR [FreeSpace]
GO

ALTER TABLE [srv].[Drivers] ADD  CONSTRAINT [DF_Drivers_DiffFreeSpace]  
DEFAULT ((0)) FOR [DiffFreeSpace]
GO

ALTER TABLE [srv].[Drivers] ADD  CONSTRAINT [DF_Drivers_InsertUTCDate]  
DEFAULT (getutcdate()) FOR [InsertUTCDate]
GO

ALTER TABLE [srv].[Drivers] ADD  CONSTRAINT [DF_Drivers_UpdateUTCdate]  
DEFAULT (getutcdate()) FOR [UpdateUTCdate]
GO

Derudover skal du på forhånd udfylde en tabel med logiske drev på følgende måde:
Servernavn – volumetiket

2. Opret en nødvendig visning til dataindsamling om databasefiler:

USE [DATABASE_NAME]
GO

SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO

SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO

CREATE view [inf].[ServerDBFileInfo] as
SELECT  @@Servername AS Server ,
        File_id ,--file_id in a database. Its main value always equals 1
        Type_desc ,--description of a file type
        Name as [FileName] ,--logic file name in a database
        LEFT(Physical_Name, 1) AS Drive ,--volume label where a database file is located
        Physical_Name ,--a full name of a file in the operating system
        RIGHT(physical_name, 3) AS Ext ,--file extension
        Size as CountPage, --current file size in pages of 8 Kb
        round((cast(Size*8 as float))/1024,3) as SizeMb, --file size in Mb
        Growth, --growth
        is_percent_growth, --growth in %
        database_id,
        DB_Name(database_id) as [DB_Name]
FROM    sys.master_files--database_files
GO

Her bruges sys.master_files systemvisningen.

3. Opret en lagret procedure, der returnerer oplysninger på et logisk drev:

USE [DATABASE_NAME]
GO

SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO

SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO

create procedure [srv].[sp_DriveSpace] 
    @DrivePath varchar(1024) --device (it is possible to set a volume label 'C:')
  , @TotalSpace float output --total volume in bytes
  , @FreeSpace float output  --free disk space in bytes
as
begin

  DECLARE @fso int
        , @Drive int
        , @DriveName varchar(255)
        , @Folder int
        , @Drives int
        , @source varchar(255)
        , @desc varchar(255)
        , @ret int
        , @Object int
  -- Create an object of a file system
  exec @ret = sp_OACreate 'Scripting.FileSystemObject', @fso output
  set @Object = @fso
  if @ret != 0
    goto ErrorInfo

  -- Get a folder on the specified path
  exec @ret = sp_OAmethod @fso, 'GetFolder', @Folder output, @DrivePath  
  set @Object = @fso
  if @ret != 0
    goto ErrorInfo

  -- Get a device
  exec @ret = sp_OAmethod @Folder, 'Drive', @Drive output
  set @Object = @Folder
  if @ret != 0
    goto ErrorInfo

  -- Determine the whole device storage space
  exec @ret = sp_OAGetProperty @Drive, 'TotalSize', @TotalSpace output
  set @Object = @Drive
  if @ret != 0
    goto ErrorInfo

  -- Determine a free space on a disk
  exec @ret = sp_OAGetProperty @Drive, 'AvailableSpace', @FreeSpace output
  set @Object = @Drive
  if @ret != 0
    goto ErrorInfo

  DestroyObjects:
    if @Folder is not null
      exec sp_OADestroy @Folder
    if @Drive is not null
      exec sp_OADestroy @Drive
    if @fso is not null
      exec sp_OADestroy @fso

    return (@ret)

  ErrorInfo:
    exec sp_OAGetErrorInfo @Object, @source output, @desc output
    print 'Source error: ' + isnull( @source, 'n/a' ) + char(13) + 'Description: ' + isnull( @desc, 'n/a' )
    goto DestroyObjects;
end
GO

For at få detaljerede oplysninger om denne procedure, se følgende artikel:Diskplads i T-SQL.

4. Opret en lagret procedure til dataindsamling:

4.1. for databasefiler:

USE [DATABASE_NAME]
GO

SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO

SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO

CREATE PROCEDURE [srv].[MergeDBFileInfo]
AS
BEGIN
    SET NOCOUNT ON;
    SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL READ UNCOMMITTED;

    ;merge [srv].[DBFile] as f
    using [inf].[ServerDBFileInfo] as ff
    on f.File_ID=ff.File_ID and f.DB_ID=ff.[database_id] and f.[Server]=ff.[Server]
    when matched then
        update set UpdateUTcDate    = getUTCDate()
                 ,[Name]            = ff.[FileName]         
                 ,[Drive]           = ff.[Drive]            
                 ,[Physical_Name]   = ff.[Physical_Name]    
                 ,[Ext]             = ff.[Ext]              
                 ,[Growth]          = ff.[Growth]           
                 ,[IsPercentGrowth] = ff.[is_percent_growth]    
                 ,[SizeMb]          = ff.[SizeMb]           
                 ,[DiffSizeMb]      = round(ff.[SizeMb]-f.[SizeMb],3)   
    when not matched by target then
        insert (
                [Server]
                ,[Name]
                ,[Drive]
                ,[Physical_Name]
                ,[Ext]
                ,[Growth]
                ,[IsPercentGrowth]
                ,[DB_ID]
                ,[DB_Name]
                ,[SizeMb]
                ,[File_ID]
                ,[DiffSizeMb]
               )
        values (
                ff.[Server]
                ,ff.[FileName]
                ,ff.[Drive]
                ,ff.[Physical_Name]
                ,ff.[Ext]
                ,ff.[Growth]
                ,ff.[is_percent_growth]
                ,ff.[database_id]
                ,ff.[DB_Name]
                ,ff.[SizeMb]
                ,ff.[File_id]
                ,0
               )
    when not matched by source and f.[Server][email protected]@SERVERNAME then delete;
END

GO

4.2. for logiske drev:

USE [DATABASE_NAME]
GO

SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO

SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO

CREATE PROCEDURE [srv].[MergeDriverInfo]
AS
BEGIN
    SET NOCOUNT ON;
    SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL READ UNCOMMITTED;

    declare @Drivers table (
                            [Server] nvarchar(255),
                            Name nvarchar(8),
                            TotalSpace float,
                            FreeSpace float,
                            DiffFreeSpace float NULL
                           );
    insert into @Drivers   (
                            [Server],
                            Name,
                            TotalSpace,
                            FreeSpace
                           )
    select                  [Server],
                            Name,
                            TotalSpace,
                            FreeSpace
    from                srv.Drivers
    where [Server][email protected]@SERVERNAME;

    declare @TotalSpace float;
    declare @FreeSpace float;
    declare @DrivePath nvarchar(8);

    while(exists(select top(1) 1 from @Drivers where DiffFreeSpace is null))
    begin
        select top(1)
        @DrivePath=Name
        from @Drivers
        where DiffFreeSpace is null;

        exec srv.sp_DriveSpace @DrivePath = @DrivePath
                         , @TotalSpace = @TotalSpace out
                         , @FreeSpace = @FreeSpace out;

        update @Drivers
        set [email protected]
           ,[email protected]
           ,DiffFreeSpace=case when FreeSpace>0 then round([email protected],3) else 0 end
        where [email protected];
    end

    ;merge [srv].[Drivers] as d
    using @Drivers as dd
    on d.Name=dd.Name and d.[Server]=dd.[Server]
    when matched then
        update set UpdateUTcDate = getUTCDate()
                 ,[TotalSpace]   = dd.[TotalSpace]   
                 ,[FreeSpace]    = dd.[FreeSpace]    
                 ,[DiffFreeSpace]= dd.[DiffFreeSpace];
END

GO

5. Opret visninger til dataoutput:

5.1. for databasefiler:

USE [DATABASE_NAME]
GO

SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO

SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO

create view [srv].[vDBFiles] as
SELECT [DBFile_GUID]
      ,[Server]
      ,[Name]
      ,[Drive]
      ,[Physical_Name]
      ,[Ext]
      ,[Growth]
      ,[IsPercentGrowth]
      ,[DB_ID]
      ,[File_ID]
      ,[DB_Name]
      ,[SizeMb]
      ,[DiffSizeMb]
      ,round([SizeMb]/1024,3) as [SizeGb]
      ,round([DiffSizeMb]/1024,3) as [DiffSizeGb]
      ,round([SizeMb]/1024/1024,3) as [SizeTb]
      ,round([DiffSizeMb]/1024/1024,3) as [DiffSizeTb]
      ,round([DiffSizeMb]/([SizeMb]/100), 3) as [DiffSizePercent]
      ,[InsertUTCDate]
      ,[UpdateUTCdate]
  FROM [srv].[DBFile];

GO

5.2. for logiske diske:

USE [DATABASE_NAME]
GO

SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO

SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO

create view [srv].[vDrivers] as
select
      [Driver_GUID]
      ,[Server]
      ,[Name]
      ,[TotalSpace] as [TotalSpaceByte]
      ,[FreeSpace] as [FreeSpaceByte]
      ,[DiffFreeSpace] as [DiffFreeSpaceByte]
      ,round([TotalSpace]/1024, 3) as [TotalSpaceKb]
      ,round([FreeSpace]/1024, 3) as [FreeSpaceKb]
      ,round([DiffFreeSpace]/1024, 3) as [DiffFreeSpaceKb]
      ,round([TotalSpace]/1024/1024, 3) as [TotalSpaceMb]
      ,round([FreeSpace]/1024/1024, 3) as [FreeSpaceMb]
      ,round([DiffFreeSpace]/1024/1024, 3) as [DiffFreeSpaceMb]
      ,round([TotalSpace]/1024/1024/1024, 3) as [TotalSpaceGb]
      ,round([FreeSpace]/1024/1024/1024, 3) as [FreeSpaceGb]
      ,round([DiffFreeSpace]/1024/1024/1024, 3) as [DiffFreeSpaceGb]
      ,round([TotalSpace]/1024/1024/1024/1024, 3) as [TotalSpaceTb]
      ,round([FreeSpace]/1024/1024/1024/1024, 3) as [FreeSpaceTb]
      ,round([DiffFreeSpace]/1024/1024/1024/1024, 3) as [DiffFreeSpaceTb]
      ,round([FreeSpace]/([TotalSpace]/100), 3) as [FreeSpacePercent]
      ,round([DiffFreeSpace]/([TotalSpace]/100), 3) as [DiffFreeSpacePercent]
      ,[InsertUTCDate]
      ,[UpdateUTCdate]
  FROM [srv].[Drivers]
GO

6. Opret en opgave i SQL Server Agent og kør den én gang om dagen:

USE [DATABASE_NAME];
GO

exec srv.MergeDBFileInfo;
exec srv.MergeDriverInfo;

7. Saml alle dataoutput fra servere. Du kan gøre det ved at bruge SQL Server Agent, for eksempel.

8. Opret en lagret procedure til at generere en rapport og sende den til administratorer. Da det er muligt at implementere det på forskellige måder, vil jeg overveje det på dette særlige eksempel:

USE [DATABASE_NAME]
GO

SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO

SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO

CREATE PROCEDURE [srv].[GetHTMLTableShortInfoDrivers]
    @body nvarchar(max) OUTPUT
AS
BEGIN
    SET NOCOUNT ON;
    SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL READ UNCOMMITTED;

    declare @tbl table (
                        Driver_GUID             uniqueidentifier
                        ,[Name]                 nvarchar(255)
                        ,[TotalSpaceGb]         float
                        ,[FreeSpaceGb]          float
                        ,[DiffFreeSpaceMb]      float
                        ,[FreeSpacePercent]     float
                        ,[DiffFreeSpacePercent] float
                        ,UpdateUTCDate          datetime
                        ,[Server]               nvarchar(255)
                        ,ID                     int identity(1,1)
                       );

    declare
    @Driver_GUID            uniqueidentifier
    ,@Name                  nvarchar(255)
    ,@TotalSpaceGb          float
    ,@FreeSpaceGb           float
    ,@DiffFreeSpaceMb       float
    ,@FreeSpacePercent      float
    ,@DiffFreeSpacePercent  float
    ,@UpdateUTCDate         datetime
    ,@Server                nvarchar(255)
    ,@ID                    int;

    insert into @tbl(
                        Driver_GUID             
                        ,[Name]                 
                        ,[TotalSpaceGb]         
                        ,[FreeSpaceGb]          
                        ,[DiffFreeSpaceMb]      
                        ,[FreeSpacePercent]     
                        ,[DiffFreeSpacePercent] 
                        ,UpdateUTCDate          
                        ,[Server]               
                    )
            select      Driver_GUID             
                        ,[Name]                 
                        ,[TotalSpaceGb]         
                        ,[FreeSpaceGb]          
                        ,[DiffFreeSpaceMb]      
                        ,[FreeSpacePercent]     
                        ,[DiffFreeSpacePercent] 
                        ,UpdateUTCDate          
                        ,[Server]
            from    srv.vDrivers
            where [DiffFreeSpacePercent]<=-5
            or [FreeSpacePercent]<=15
            order by [Server] asc, [Name] asc;

    if(exists(select top(1) 1 from @tbl))
    begin
        set @body='When analyzing I have got the data storage devices that either have free disk space less than 15%, or free space decreases over 5% a day:<br><br>'+'<TABLE BORDER=5>';

        set @[email protected]+'<TR>';

        set @[email protected]+'<TD>';
        set @[email protected]+'№ p/p';
        set @[email protected]+'</TD>';

        set @[email protected]+'<TD>';
        set @[email protected]+'GUID';
        set @[email protected]+'</TD>';

        set @[email protected]+'<TD>';
        set @[email protected]+'SEVER';
        set @[email protected]+'</TD>';

        set @[email protected]+'<TD>';
        set @[email protected]+'TOM';
        set @[email protected]+'</TD>';

        set @[email protected]+'<TD>';
        set @[email protected]+'VOLUME, GB.';
        set @[email protected]+'</TD>';

        set @[email protected]+'<TD>';
        set @[email protected]+'FREE, GB.';
        set @[email protected]+'</TD>';

        set @[email protected]+'<TD>';
        set @[email protected]+'FREE SPACE CHANGE, MB.';
        set @[email protected]+'</TD>';

        set @[email protected]+'<TD>';
        set @[email protected]+'FREE, %';
        set @[email protected]+'</TD>';

        set @[email protected]+'<TD>';
        set @[email protected]+'FREE SPACE CHANGE, %';
        set @[email protected]+'</TD>';

        set @[email protected]+'<TD>';
        set @[email protected]+'UTC DETECTION TIME';
        set @[email protected]+'</TD>';

        set @[email protected]+'</TR>';

        while((select top 1 1 from @tbl)>0)
        begin
            set @[email protected]+'<TR>';

            select top 1
            @Driver_GUID            = Driver_GUID           
            ,@Name                  = Name                  
            ,@TotalSpaceGb          = TotalSpaceGb          
            ,@FreeSpaceGb           = FreeSpaceGb           
            ,@DiffFreeSpaceMb       = DiffFreeSpaceMb       
            ,@FreeSpacePercent      = FreeSpacePercent      
            ,@DiffFreeSpacePercent  = DiffFreeSpacePercent  
            ,@UpdateUTCDate         = UpdateUTCDate         
            ,@Server                = [Server]              
            ,@ID                    = [ID]                  
            from @tbl;

            set @[email protected]+'<TD>';
            set @[email protected]+cast(@ID as nvarchar(max));
            set @[email protected]+'</TD>';

            set @[email protected]+'<TD>';
            set @[email protected]+cast(@Driver_GUID as nvarchar(255));
            set @[email protected]+'</TD>';

            set @[email protected]+'<TD>';
            set @[email protected]+coalesce(@Server,'');
            set @[email protected]+'</TD>';

            set @[email protected]+'<TD>';
            set @[email protected]+coalesce(@Name,'');
            set @[email protected]+'</TD>';

            set @[email protected]+'<TD>';
            set @[email protected]+cast(@TotalSpaceGb as nvarchar(255));
            set @[email protected]+'</TD>';

            set @[email protected]+'<TD>';
            set @[email protected]+cast(@FreeSpaceGb as nvarchar(255));
            set @[email protected]+'</TD>';

            set @[email protected]+'<TD>';
            set @[email protected]+cast(@DiffFreeSpaceMb as nvarchar(255));
            set @[email protected]+'</TD>';

            set @[email protected]+'<TD>';
            set @[email protected]+cast(@FreeSpacePercent as nvarchar(255));
            set @[email protected]+'</TD>';

            set @[email protected]+'<TD>';
            set @[email protected]+cast(@DiffFreeSpacePercent as nvarchar(255));
            set @[email protected]+'</TD>';

            set @[email protected]+'<TD>';
            set @[email protected]+rep.GetDateFormat(@UpdateUTCDate, default)+' '+rep.GetTimeFormat(@UpdateUTCDate, default);
            set @[email protected]+'</TD>';

            delete from @tbl
            where [email protected];

            set @[email protected]+'</TR>';
        end

        set @[email protected]+'</TABLE>';

        set @[email protected]+'<br><br>';
        To get the detailed information, refer to the view SRV.srv.vDrivers<br><br>
        To view the information on database files, refer to the view DATABASE_NAME.srv.vDBFiles';
    end
END

GO

Denne lagrede procedure genererer en HTML-rapport om logiske drev, der enten har mindre end 15 % ledig diskplads, eller ledig plads falder med over 5 % om dagen. Sidstnævnte viser en mærkelig aktivitet af poster, hvilket betyder, at nogen gemmer for meget information på denne disk meget ofte. Det kan ske af følgende årsager:

  1. Det er på tide at udvide en disk;
  2. Det er nødvendigt at slette ubrugte filer på et logisk drev;
  3. Slet og reducer logfiler, såvel som filer med information og andre tabeller.

Løsning

I denne artikel har jeg analyseret et eksempel på implementering af et system med daglig automatisk dataindsamling om lokale drev og databasefiler. Denne information gør det muligt på forhånd at finde ud af, hvilken disk der har mindre ledig plads, samt hvilke databasefiler der vokser drastisk. Det gør det muligt at undgå et tilfælde, hvor der ikke er plads på en disk og at finde ud af en årsag til, hvorfor en proces tager meget plads på en disk.

Læs også:

Automatisk dataindsamling af databaseskemaændringer i MS SQL Server

Automatisk dataindsamling om udførte opgaver i MS SQL Server


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