Hvordan får jeg en kolonne med fortløbende, stigende tal, uden at der mangler nogle tal?

Har tilpasset dette fra et tidligere svar. Denne slags ting sker ofte, når applikationer vil have en tabuleringsrækkefølge for variabler (læs:poster i en EAV-model), som også kunne være (en del af) en alternativ nøgle.

• priority felt skal holdes fortløbende. [dette er tabbe-rækkefølgen ]
• på INSERT:alle poster med prioritet>=den nye post skal have deres prioriteter øget
• tilsvarende:på DELETE -> reduceret
• hvis en posts prioritet ændres af en OPDATERING, skal posterne mellem den gamle og den nye prioritetsværdi have deres prioritet rykket op eller ned.
• for at undgå rekursiv trigger-invocation:
  • de triggerbaserede opdateringer vender flipflag af enhver rekord, de rører ved.
  • Og de tester for old.flipflag=new.flipflag for at opdage rigtig opdateringer. (dem, der ikke er forårsaget af en trigger)

        -- Make some data
DROP SCHEMA tmp CASCADE;
CREATE SCHEMA tmp ;
SET search_path=tmp;

CREATE TABLE fruits
        ( id INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY
        , priority INTEGER NOT NULL
        , flipflag boolean NOT NULL default false
        , zname varchar NOT NULL
        , CONSTRAINT unique_priority UNIQUE (priority) DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED
        );
INSERT INTO fruits(id,zname,priority) VALUES
 (1  , 'Pear' ,4)
,(2  , 'Apple' ,2)
,(3  , 'Orange' ,1)
,(4  , 'Banana' ,3)
,(5  , 'Peach' ,5)
        ;

        -- Trigger functions for Insert/update/delete
CREATE function shift_priority()
RETURNS TRIGGER AS $body$

BEGIN
        UPDATE fruits fr
        SET priority = priority +1
        , flipflag = NOT flipflag       -- alternating bit protocol ;-)
        WHERE NEW.priority < OLD.priority
        AND OLD.flipflag = NEW.flipflag -- redundant condition
        AND fr.priority >= NEW.priority
        AND fr.priority < OLD.priority
        AND fr.id <> NEW.id             -- exlude the initiating row
                ;
        UPDATE fruits fr
        SET priority = priority -1
        , flipflag = NOT flipflag
        WHERE NEW.priority > OLD.priority
        AND OLD.flipflag = NEW.flipflag
        AND fr.priority <= NEW.priority
        AND fr.priority > OLD.priority
        AND fr.id <> NEW.id
        ;
        RETURN NEW;
END;

$body$
language plpgsql;

CREATE function shift_down_priority()
RETURNS TRIGGER AS $body$

BEGIN

        UPDATE fruits fr
        SET priority = priority -1
        , flipflag = NOT flipflag       -- alternating bit protocol ;-)
        WHERE fr.priority > OLD.priority
                ;
        RETURN NEW;
END;

$body$
language plpgsql;

CREATE function shift_up_priority()
RETURNS TRIGGER AS $body$

BEGIN
        UPDATE fruits fr
        SET priority = priority +1
        , flipflag = NOT flipflag       -- alternating bit protocol ;-)
        WHERE fr.priority >= NEW.priority
                ;
        RETURN NEW;
END;

$body$
language plpgsql;

        -- Triggers for Insert/Update/Delete
CREATE TRIGGER shift_priority_u
        AFTER UPDATE OF priority ON fruits
        FOR EACH ROW
        WHEN (OLD.flipflag = NEW.flipflag AND OLD.priority <> NEW.priority)
        EXECUTE PROCEDURE shift_priority()
        ;
CREATE TRIGGER shift_priority_d
        AFTER DELETE ON fruits
        FOR EACH ROW
        EXECUTE PROCEDURE shift_down_priority()
        ;
CREATE TRIGGER shift_priority_i
        BEFORE INSERT ON fruits
        FOR EACH ROW
        EXECUTE PROCEDURE shift_up_priority()
        ;

        -- Do some I/U/D operations
\echo Pears are Okay
UPDATE fruits
SET priority = 1
WHERE id=1; -- 1,4

SELECT * FROM fruits ORDER BY priority;

\echo dont want bananas
DELETE FROM fruits WHERE id = 4;
SELECT * FROM fruits ORDER BY priority;

\echo  We want Kiwis
INSERT INTO fruits(id,zname,priority) VALUES (4  , 'Kiwi' ,3) ;
SELECT * FROM fruits ORDER BY priority;

Resultat:

Pears are Okay
UPDATE 1
 id | priority | flipflag | zname  
----+----------+----------+--------
  1 |        1 | f        | Pear
  3 |        2 | t        | Orange
  2 |        3 | t        | Apple
  4 |        4 | t        | Banana
  5 |        5 | f        | Peach
(5 rows)

dont want bananas
DELETE 1
 id | priority | flipflag | zname  
----+----------+----------+--------
  1 |        1 | f        | Pear
  3 |        2 | t        | Orange
  2 |        3 | t        | Apple
  5 |        4 | t        | Peach
(4 rows)

We want Kiwis
INSERT 0 1
 id | priority | flipflag | zname  
----+----------+----------+--------
  1 |        1 | f        | Pear
  3 |        2 | t        | Orange
  4 |        3 | f        | Kiwi
  2 |        4 | f        | Apple
  5 |        5 | f        | Peach
(5 rows)